Landmarks in the History of Science by Basil Evangelidis

Author:Basil Evangelidis [Evangelidis, Basil]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Science, History, Philosophy & Social Aspects, General, World
ISBN: 9781622739783
Google: 6a_ZDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Vernon Press
Published: 2020-10-06T03:06:00+00:00

6.6. The Human-Machine Interaction in future smart societies

The global perspectives for the future advancements in ICT include automatic control, electric autonomous vehicles, automated trucks, intelligent transportation systems, modelling and simulation, the transition from big data to smart data, holistic electro-mobility simulation, automotive cyber-physical systems, monitoring infrastructure, wearable technology, bio-nanosensors for healthcare, intelligent living rooms etc.

The ubiquitous reality of Human-Machine interaction calls for critically smart approaches, which surmount technological difficulty and tend to endorse an invisible, transparent, human-centred design approach. An appropriate example is smart cities in the domain of energy efficiency with the implementation of automatically adjustable systems and networks. Today, however, we realise that the cities are not sustainable, as by 2050 the urban population, everywhere in the world, will exceed the rural one.

For this reason, research programs explore the city perspectives, as in Singapore.7 Endeavours to enhance services, to provide better connections, increase cooperation and preserve sustainability may offer smart instances (Kesrouani, 2015). The use of telemetry technology made possible the intelligent transformation of everyday life machines such as the automobiles. A similar transformation runs in the fields of digital technologies, fibre optics, telecommunications, sensors, and databases. Therefore, it allows urban research to imagine cities with driverless cars and free spaces, as Singapore needs. Smart visions are present also in Myanmar, seeking to transform the megacity Yangon to a smart city (Dale and Kyle, 2015).

The future home will imply Wi-Fi operated home appliances, home automation devices; and automatically adjusted thermostats. Inventions may enable every viewer to construct his own movie, insert his favourite actors and create holographic films. Artificial intelligence (AI) finds applications in the cinema, as with Skynet, a mental experiment with the power of rationality. Another instance of AI applications is the Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System (GLaDOS).

A key parameter in the building of smart environments is the estimation of the probable functionality of any innovation introduced. In a city, this estimation of probability is difficult and sometimes impossible, while it is easier in the country. Accordingly, a key feature in a future smart society is access and distribution of knowledge. In other words, smart societies are knowledge societies (Mansell and When, 1998). That is why education is an important part of the future smart society, for technology demonstration and knowledge production, as with the theatrical robots in Japan and Taiwan (Lin, 2015). Another example, the Trash Track project in MIT, aims at tagging and tracing products across their entire lifecycle.8

Inventing a smart innovative century

Technology becomes portable, wearable, pervasive, interfusing, reliable, adaptable, flexible, and increasingly personalised. The tailoring of the technological applications, however, brings about the problem of the embroilment between user and tool, when the tools, for instance, become part of the mental apparatus, or ubiquitous under the flying thumbs of the person (Clark, 2003). Moreover, proposals, such as the cyborgs (Cybernetic Organisms), that is to say, man-machine hybrids “destined” to explore the universe, open up interesting ethical problems (Yi, 2010; Pinsky, 2003).

Further ethical and legal issues arise from incidents of robots committing murders against their colleagues.

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